Integrating Sex, Gender, and Intersectional Analysis into Bioengineering

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobme.2022.100388Get rights and content

Section snippets

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Londa Schiebinger is the John L. Hinds Professor of the History of Science at Stanford University. She is the founding director of Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment and directs collaborative research on integrating sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into the design of research.

References (34)

  • C. Tannenbaum et al.

    Age and sex in drug development and testing for adults

    Pharmacol Res

    (2017 Jul 1)
  • B.J. Prendergast et al.

    Female mice liberated for inclusion in neuroscience and biomedical research

    Neurosci Biobehav Rev

    (2014 Mar 1)
  • M.L. Stefanick et al.

    Analysing how sex and gender interact

    Lancet

    (2020 Nov 14)
  • L. Schiebinger

    The mind has no sex? Women in the origins of modern science

    (1989)
  • R. Koning et al.

    Who do we invent for? patents by women focus more on women's health, but few women get to invent

    Science

    (2021 Jun 18)
  • S. Reardon

    Gender gap leads to few US patents that help women

    Nature

    (2021 September 2)
  • M.W. Nielsen et al.

    One and a half million medical papers reveal a link between author gender and attention to gender and sex analysis

    Nature human behaviour

    (2017 Nov)
  • J.B. Bear et al.

    The role of gender in team collaboration and performance

    Interdiscipl Sci Rev

    (2011 Jun 1)
  • M.W. Nielsen et al.

    Making gender diversity work for scientific discovery and innovation

    Nature Human Behaviour

    (2018 Oct)
  • S. Ludwig et al.

    A successful strategy to integrate sex and gender medicine into a newly developed medical curriculum

    J Wom Health

    (2015 Dec 1)
  • Gendered innovations, methods

  • Gendered Innovations

    Rethinking research priorities and outcomes: gendered innovations/general methods/research priorities

  • European Commission (EC)

    Gendered innovations 2: how inclusive analysis contributes to research and innovation

  • J.A. Clayton

    Studying both sexes: a guiding principle for biomedicine

    Faseb J

    (2016 Feb)
  • M.E. Arnegard et al.

    Sex as a biological variable: a 5-year progress report and call to action

    J Wom Health

    (2020 Jun 1)
  • J. Haverfield et al.

    A 10-year longitudinal evaluation of science policy interventions to promote sex and gender in health research

    Health Res Pol Syst

    (2021)
  • C. Tannenbaum et al.

    Sex and gender analysis improves science and engineering

    Nature

    (2019 Nov)
  • Cited by (2)

    • Sex trouble: Sex/gender slippage, sex confusion, and sex obsession in machine learning using electronic health records

      2022, Patterns
      Citation Excerpt :

      Despite the complexities of sex and gender, the false assumptions of binary, static, and concordant sex/gender are deeply ingrained in our medical system.23,33,54,55 This negatively impacts not just transgender and intersex people but also fails to serve anyone who doesn’t exactly fit the average.56–58 We have coined three terms that further articulate the false assumptions and their implications in the medical system: sex/gender slippage, sex confusion, and sex obsession.

    Londa Schiebinger is the John L. Hinds Professor of the History of Science at Stanford University. She is the founding director of Gendered Innovations in Science, Health & Medicine, Engineering, and Environment and directs collaborative research on integrating sex, gender, and intersectional analysis into the design of research.

    View full text